CHAIN vs CHAIN
Cross-chain intelligence. EVM chains share AMM math but Solana plays different — so we track both. This page shows live data from every chain we monitor — spreads, gas costs, competition, opportunity frequency, plus non-EVM macro context.
leaderboardRecon Ranking
Ranked by Composite = 0.5×Edge + 0.5×Wallet. Edge = arb fitness; Wallet = cohort-watching fitness (cluster signal preservation, capture-pipeline readiness). Different chains shine on different axes. Composite is the "where to deploy our full strategy mix" answer.
| # | Chain | MVS ($) | Gas ($) | DEXes | Liq | MEV | Exec | Edge | Wallet | Composite | Monitored For |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | PulseChain | $59.002 | $0.0015 | 6 | N/A | 5% | 92% | N/A | 8.10 | 8.10 | Stale |
| 2 | Monad | $12.001 | $0.0012 | 26 | N/A | 30% | 5% | 2.44 | 9.23 | 5.83 | Vol-only |
| 3 | Robinhood | $10.116 | $0.1158 | 34 | N/A | 20% | 10% | 4.08 | 7.56 | 5.82 | Vol-only |
| 4 | Polygon | $2.010 | $0.0099 | 67 | $4.1M | 45% | 5% | 3.12 | 7.92 | 5.52 | Vol-only |
| 5 | Arbitrum | $2.019 | $0.0189 | 60 | $24.9M | 50% | 10% | 2.87 | 8.12 | 5.49 | Vol-only |
| 6 | Base | $2.006 | $0.0056 | 95 | $24.4M | 55% | 2% | 4.01 | 6.46 | 5.23 | Vol-only |
| 7 | Solana | $0.050 | $0.0005 | 15 | N/A | 65% | 10% | 4.28 | 5.65 | 4.96 | Vol-only |
| 8 | BSC | $7.014 | $0.0142 | 96 | $30.1M | 70% | 8% | 3.75 | 5.45 | 4.60 | Vol-only |
| 9 | Ethereum | $2.136 | $0.1356 | 71 | $680.8M | 95% | 1% | 4.04 | 1.36 | 2.70 | Vol-only |
Chain Profitability Overview
PulseChain
Monad
Robinhood
Polygon
Arbitrum
Base
Solana
BSC
Ethereum
EVM Revenue Models — Complete Reference
Every known way teams generate reliable, recurring revenue on EVM chains. Sorted by capital & tech requirements. “Real yield” = fees from actual usage, not token emissions.
| # | Revenue Model | How It Works | Yield Range | Capital | Tech |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Validator / Staking | Run PoS validators. Earn block rewards + tips + MEV boost. LST protocols (Lido-type) capture operator fees. | 3-6% APR | High (32 ETH+) | Nodes |
| 2 | Restaking (EigenLayer) | Restake ETH/LSTs as collateral for AVSs (oracles, bridges). Extra yield on top of base staking from AVS fees. | 1-4% extra | Medium | Nodes |
| 3 | DEX Arbitrage | Buy low on DEX A, sell high on DEX B in one atomic TX. Flash-loan enabled. Cross-chain via bridges. | Variable | Low-Med | Bots |
| 4 | MEV Extraction | Reorder/insert TXs via Flashbots bundles. Backrunning, liquidations. Requires low-latency infra + REVM simulation. | $M+/yr (top) | Medium | Advanced |
| 5 | AMM Liquidity Provision | Supply to Uniswap V3+ / Curve. Earn 0.05-1% per swap. Concentrated ranges + automation reduce IL. Stable pairs most predictable. | 5-30% APR | Medium | Medium |
| 6 | Lending / Supplying | Supply assets to Aave/Compound. Earn interest from borrowers (variable rates). Treasury management at scale. | 2-10% APR | Low | Low |
| 7 | Liquidation Bots | Monitor lending protocols, trigger liquidations when loans go underwater. Capture collateral discount (5-15%). | Event-driven | Low | Bots |
| 8 | Oracle Node Operator | Run Chainlink/RedStone nodes. Provide off-chain data to DeFi. Earn fees from data requests + staking rewards. | $100K+/yr | High | Nodes |
| 9 | Graph Indexer | Stake GRT, index subgraphs. Earn query fees + inflation rewards. Data infrastructure for EVM ecosystems. | Variable | Medium | Nodes |
| 10 | L2 Sequencer Operations | Earn gas spreads (user fees minus L1 DA costs). Top L2s net $100K+/day. Decentralizing to distributed validators. | $100K+/day | Very High | Infra |
| 11 | RWA Tokenisation | Tokenize treasuries, private credit, real estate. Earn management fees + interest spreads (3-8% from T-bills). | 3-8% APR | High | Legal+Tech |
| 12 | Managed Vaults / Yield Agg | Operate auto-rebalancing vaults (LP, lending, restaking). Charge performance/management fees on user deposits. | Fee-based | Medium | Medium |
Key principle: Prioritise models backed by actual fees/interest (DEX volume, borrowing demand, data usage) over token emissions. “Reliable” = revenue tied to real economic activity. Risks always present: smart contract bugs, slashing, IL, competition, gas volatility.
Strategy Portability Matrix
The main automated on-chain strategies teams run for profit — where each is actively run successfully today, and what makes each one hard to mirror and compete on.
| Strategy | Run Successfully On | Difficulties (Mirror & Compete) |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic DEX Arbitrage | Ethereum, BSC, Base, Arbitrum, Polygon, Solana | Razor-thin margins after gas; won by pro searchers with optimised bytecode, private orderflow and fastest inclusion. Trivial to copy, brutal to actually win. |
| CEX–DEX Arbitrage | Ethereum, BSC, Arbitrum, Solana | Needs deep CEX inventory on both venues + sub-second execution; dominated by market-maker firms (Wintermute-class). Capital- and infra-heavy. |
| Cross-Chain / Bridge Arbitrage | Ethereum ↔ L2s, Solana, BSC | Bridge latency + capital locked on both sides + inventory risk; price can move mid-bridge. Requires pre-positioned capital across chains. |
| Liquidation Bots | Ethereum, BSC, Base, Arbitrum, Avalanche | Winner-take-all race per event; needs health-factor forecasting + flash-loan execution + latency edge. Incumbents already watch every borrower. |
| Sandwich / Front-run (mempool) | Ethereum, BSC, Polygon | Needs public-mempool visibility + builder/relay access; structurally impossible on private-mempool / FCFS chains; toxic PR and increasingly protected against. |
| Backrun / JIT Liquidity | Ethereum, Arbitrum | Needs bundle inclusion (Flashbots) or sequencer proximity; competes directly with block builders; margins thin and inclusion never guaranteed. |
| Launch / New-Pool Sniping | Solana, Base, BSC, PulseChain, Robinhood | Extreme speed + rug/honeypot filtering; bot-saturated; adverse selection — most launches dump on the snipers. |
| Perp Funding-Rate (Basis) Arb | Ethereum, Arbitrum, Solana, Hyperliquid | Capital-intensive, steady-but-low; hold spot + short perp across venues; funding can flip and eat the carry. Execution + inventory management heavy. |
| Active AMM Liquidity (Concentrated) | Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base, Solana | Impermanent loss + toxic flow; needs active range management + volatility forecasting. LPs are the counterparty to every arbitrageur. |
| RWA / Tokenised-Asset Basis Arb | Ethereum, Arbitrum, Robinhood Chain | Risk-free redemption leg gated (KYC / Authorised-Participant); market-hours gaps + settlement lag; only the directional on-chain leg is open to outsiders. |
Research Methodology
• DefiLlama — protocol revenues, TVL, real yield
• Dune Analytics — custom dashboards
• EigenPhi / Flashbots — MEV flows
• L2Beat — sequencer/DA fee data
• Base-layer incentives (staking)
• Extracted value (MEV/arb)
• Service provision (LP, data, automation)
• Structured products (RWA, vaults)
• Track real yields (fee-based, not inflationary)
• REVM backtesting for bot strategies
• Capital requirements & technical overhead
• Competition density per chain
• Backtest, then start tiny live (no paper-mode)
• Start small, scale with data
• Monitor 2026-27 trends
• Import to PulseChain where applicable